Signature levels under Law 14,063/2020, ICP-Brasil (Brazil's public key infrastructure), the audit trail and the frauds the examination finds in contracts signed on screen.
The certificate of completion attests to the platform's process: a link opened, a click recorded, a hash generated. It does not say who was on the other side of the screen. Fraud lives in that gap: a certificate issued in someone else's name, a borrowed token, an email address changed the day before, a genuine signature pasted onto the wrong document.
The STJ (Brazil's Superior Court of Justice) has upheld signatures made outside ICP-Brasil, based on MP 2,200-2/2001 (the Provisional Measure that created ICP-Brasil), art. 10, § 2º. In 2026 it also held that a generic denial is not enough to set aside a digital contract. The debate has moved from "signed or did not sign" to technical evidence: whoever challenges must point to the trace, and whoever defends needs the trail.
The course shows what each signature level proves, how fraud happens and what to request from the platform so that the examination can give answers.
Pick as many courses as you like: they are kept and arrive ticked on the registration form.
A contract signed on a platform, with a certificate of completion in order, was denied by the alleged signer. The examination looked at the audit trail and the metadata of the transaction. The signature came from a device the contracting party had never used. The certificate attested to the process, not the identity.
In a civil action against a financial institution, the forensic expert acted as party-appointed expert. The analysis of the signature platform revealed flaws in the authentication process and supported a favourable first-instance decision.
A company is charged under an amendment the partner does not remember signing. The signature is qualified, made with the A1 certificate installed on the finance department's computer, whose password three people know. The signature is valid. The question is who used the certificate.
In groups, participants receive a fictitious certificate of completion. Using the reading guide, they mark what the document demonstrates, what it does not demonstrate and what data is missing. In 15 minutes, each group delivers the list of data to request from the platform and three expert questions. In the last 5 minutes, the instructor presents the answer key.
Laws and rulings discussed
Law 14,063/2020, arts. 2º, 3º and 4º (Brazil's electronic signatures law) · MP 2,200-2/2001, art. 10, §§ 1º and 2º (Provisional Measure that created ICP-Brasil) · CPC, arts. 411, 436, 784, § 4º (Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure) · STJ (Brazil's Superior Court of Justice), REsp 1.495.920/DF · STJ, REsp 2.159.442 · STJ, REsp 2.205.708/PR · STJ, REsp 2.197.156/SP · STJ, electronic power of attorney without ICP-Brasil · STJ, Theme 1061 · RFC 3161 · ITI validator (Brazil's National Institute of Information Technology)
See also
Electronic Signatures and Digital Contracts → Digital Questioned Document Examination → Forensic Services in Banking, Capital Markets and Finance → See all courses →